This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wilson, N. A.
Right arrow Articles by Watkins, D. I.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wilson, N. A.
Right arrow Articles by Watkins, D. I.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5875-5885, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00171-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immune Responses Reduce Plasma Viral Concentrations after Repeated Low-Dose Challenge with Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239

Nancy A. Wilson,1* Jason Reed,1 Gnankang S. Napoe,1 Shari Piaskowski,2 Andy Szymanski,2 Jessica Furlott,1 Edna J. Gonzalez,2 Levi J. Yant,1 Nicholas J. Maness,1 Gemma E. May,1 Taeko Soma,1 Matthew R. Reynolds,1 Eva Rakasz,1 Richard Rudersdorf,1 Adrian B. McDermott,2,{dagger} David H. O'Connor,2 Thomas C. Friedrich,1 David B. Allison,3 Amit Patki,3 Louis J. Picker,4 Dennis R. Burton,5 Jing Lin,6 Lingyi Huang,6 Deepa Patel,6 Gwendolyn Heindecker,6 Jiang Fan,6 Michael Citron,6 Melanie Horton,6 Fubao Wang,6 Xiaoping Liang,6 John W. Shiver,6 Danilo R. Casimiro,6 and David I. Watkins1,2*

Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711,1 Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,2 Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,3 Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006,4 Departments of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,5 Merck Research Labs, West Point, Pennsylvania 194866

Received 25 January 2006/ Accepted 22 March 2006

The goal of an AIDS vaccine regimen designed to induce cellular immune responses should be to reduce the viral set point and preserve memory CD4 lymphocytes. Here we investigated whether vaccine-induced cellular immunity in the absence of any Env-specific antibodies can control viral replication following multiple low-dose challenges with the highly pathogenic SIVmac239 isolate. Eight Mamu-A*01-positive Indian rhesus macaques were vaccinated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag, tat, rev, and nef using a DNA prime-adenovirus boost strategy. Peak viremia (P = 0.007) and the chronic phase set point (P = 0.0192) were significantly decreased in the vaccinated cohort, out to 1 year postinfection. Loss of CD4+ memory populations was also ameliorated in vaccinated animals. Interestingly, only one of the eight vaccinees developed Env-specific neutralizing antibodies after infection. The control observed was significantly improved over that observed in animals vaccinated with SIV gag only. Vaccine-induced cellular immune responses can, therefore, exert a measure of control over replication of the AIDS virus in the complete absence of neutralizing antibody and give us hope that a vaccine designed to induce cellular immune responses might control viral replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Wisconsin—Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711. Phone for Nancy A. Wilson: (608) 263-5953. Fax: (608) 265-8084. E-mail: nwilson{at}primate.wisc.edu. Phone for David I. Watkins: (608) 265-3380. Fax: (608) 265-8084. E-mail: watkins{at}primate.wisc.edu.

{dagger} Present address: IAVI, New York, NY 10038.

Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5875-5885, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00171-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Willer, D. O., Guan, Y., Luscher, M. A., Li, B., Pilon, R., Fournier, J., Parenteau, M., Wainberg, M. A., Sandstrom, P., MacDonald, K. S. (2010). Multi-Low-Dose Mucosal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Challenge of Cynomolgus Macaques Immunized with "Hyperattenuated" SIV Constructs. J. Virol. 84: 2304-2317 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bayer, W., Tenbusch, M., Lietz, R., Johrden, L., Schimmer, S., Uberla, K., Dittmer, U., Wildner, O. (2010). Vaccination with an Adenoviral Vector That Encodes and Displays a Retroviral Antigen Induces Improved Neutralizing Antibody and CD4+ T-Cell Responses and Confers Enhanced Protection. J. Virol. 84: 1967-1976 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vojnov, L., Reed, J. S., Weisgrau, K. L., Rakasz, E. G., Loffredo, J. T., Piaskowski, S. M., Sacha, J. B., Kolar, H. L., Wilson, N. A., Johnson, R. P., Watkins, D. I. (2010). Effective Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Lack an Easily Detectable, Shared Characteristic. J. Virol. 84: 753-764 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maness, N. J., Wilson, N. A., Reed, J. S., Piaskowski, S. M., Sacha, J. B., Walsh, A. D., Thoryk, E., Heidecker, G. J., Citron, M. P., Liang, X., Bett, A. J., Casimiro, D. R., Watkins, D. I. (2010). Robust, Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Lymphocyte Response against an Out-of-Frame Epitope. J. Immunol. 184: 67-72 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Minang, J. T., Trivett, M. T., Bolton, D. L., Trubey, C. M., Estes, J. D., Li, Y., Smedley, J., Pung, R., Rosati, M., Jalah, R., Pavlakis, G. N., Felber, B. K., Piatak, M. Jr., Roederer, M., Lifson, J. D., Ott, D. E., Ohlen, C. (2010). Distribution, Persistence, and Efficacy of Adoptively Transferred Central and Effector Memory-Derived Autologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Clones in Rhesus Macaques during Acute Infection. J. Immunol. 184: 315-326 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Beignon, A.-S., Mollier, K., Liard, C., Coutant, F., Munier, S., Riviere, J., Souque, P., Charneau, P. (2009). Lentiviral Vector-Based Prime/Boost Vaccination against AIDS: Pilot Study Shows Protection against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Challenge in Macaques. J. Virol. 83: 10963-10974 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Alencar, B. C. G., Persechini, P. M., Haolla, F. A., de Oliveira, G., Silverio, J. C., Lannes-Vieira, J., Machado, A. V., Gazzinelli, R. T., Bruna-Romero, O., Rodrigues, M. M. (2009). Perforin and Gamma Interferon Expression Are Required for CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell-Dependent Protective Immunity against a Human Parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, Elicited by Heterologous Plasmid DNA Prime-Recombinant Adenovirus 5 Boost Vaccination. Infect. Immun. 77: 4383-4395 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barouch, D. H., Liu, J., Lynch, D. M., O'Brien, K. L., La Porte, A., Simmons, N. L., Riggs, A. M., Clark, S., Abbink, P., Montefiori, D. C., Landucci, G., Forthal, D. N., Self, S. G., Carville, A., Mansfield, K., Goudsmit, J. (2009). Protective Efficacy of a Single Immunization of a Chimeric Adenovirus Vector-Based Vaccine against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Rhesus Monkeys. J. Virol. 83: 9584-9590 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsukamoto, T., Takeda, A., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, H., Kawada, M., Matano, T. (2009). Impact of Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Memory Induction without Virus-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Help on Control of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques. J. Virol. 83: 9339-9346 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rosati, M., Bergamaschi, C., Valentin, A., Kulkarni, V., Jalah, R., Alicea, C., Patel, V., von Gegerfelt, A. S., Montefiori, D. C., Venzon, D. J., Khan, A. S., Draghia-Akli, R., Van Rompay, K. K. A., Felber, B. K., Pavlakis, G. N. (2009). DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques induces potent immune responses and decreases acute and chronic viremia after SIVmac251 challenge. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 15831-15836 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Okoye, A., Park, H., Rohankhedkar, M., Coyne-Johnson, L., Lum, R., Walker, J. M., Planer, S. L., Legasse, A. W., Sylwester, A. W., Piatak, M. Jr., Lifson, J. D., Sodora, D. L., Villinger, F., Axthelm, M. K., Schmitz, J. E., Picker, L. J. (2009). Profound CD4+/CCR5+ T cell expansion is induced by CD8+ lymphocyte depletion but does not account for accelerated SIV pathogenesis. JEM 206: 1575-1588 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wilson, N. A., Keele, B. F., Reed, J. S., Piaskowski, S. M., MacNair, C. E., Bett, A. J., Liang, X., Wang, F., Thoryk, E., Heidecker, G. J., Citron, M. P., Huang, L., Lin, J., Vitelli, S., Ahn, C. D., Kaizu, M., Maness, N. J., Reynolds, M. R., Friedrich, T. C., Loffredo, J. T., Rakasz, E. G., Erickson, S., Allison, D. B., Piatak, M. Jr., Lifson, J. D., Shiver, J. W., Casimiro, D. R., Shaw, G. M., Hahn, B. H., Watkins, D. I. (2009). Vaccine-Induced Cellular Responses Control Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication after Heterologous Challenge. J. Virol. 83: 6508-6521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Engram, J. C., Dunham, R. M., Makedonas, G., Vanderford, T. H., Sumpter, B., Klatt, N. R., Ratcliffe, S. J., Garg, S., Paiardini, M., McQuoid, M., Altman, J. D., Staprans, S. I., Betts, M. R., Garber, D. A., Feinberg, M. B., Silvestri, G. (2009). Vaccine-Induced, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Reduce Virus Replication but Do Not Protect from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression. J. Immunol. 183: 706-717 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Price, D. A., Asher, T. E., Wilson, N. A., Nason, M. C., Brenchley, J. M., Metzler, I. S., Venturi, V., Gostick, E., Chattopadhyay, P. K., Roederer, M., Davenport, M. P., Watkins, D. I., Douek, D. C. (2009). Public clonotype usage identifies protective Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses in SIV infection. JEM 206: 923-936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kong, W.-P., Wu, L., Wallstrom, T. C., Fischer, W., Yang, Z.-Y., Ko, S.-Y., Letvin, N. L., Haynes, B. F., Hahn, B. H., Korber, B., Nabel, G. J. (2009). Expanded Breadth of the T-Cell Response to Mosaic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope DNA Vaccination. J. Virol. 83: 2201-2215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, Y. E., Li, B., Carlson, J. M., Streeck, H., Gladden, A. D., Goodman, R., Schneidewind, A., Power, K. A., Toth, I., Frahm, N., Alter, G., Brander, C., Carrington, M., Walker, B. D., Altfeld, M., Heckerman, D., Allen, T. M. (2009). Protective HLA Class I Alleles That Restrict Acute-Phase CD8+ T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Viral Escape Mutations Located in Highly Conserved Regions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 83: 1845-1855 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Doria-Rose, N. A., Klein, R. M., Manion, M. M., O'Dell, S., Phogat, A., Chakrabarti, B., Hallahan, C. W., Migueles, S. A., Wrammert, J., Ahmed, R., Nason, M., Wyatt, R. T., Mascola, J. R., Connors, M. (2009). Frequency and Phenotype of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope-Specific B Cells from Patients with Broadly Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies. J. Virol. 83: 188-199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reynolds, M. R., Weiler, A. M., Weisgrau, K. L., Piaskowski, S. M., Furlott, J. R., Weinfurter, J. T., Kaizu, M., Soma, T., Leon, E. J., MacNair, C., Leaman, D. P., Zwick, M. B., Gostick, E., Musani, S. K., Price, D. A., Friedrich, T. C., Rakasz, E. G., Wilson, N. A., McDermott, A. B., Boyle, R., Allison, D. B., Burton, D. R., Koff, W. C., Watkins, D. I. (2008). Macaques vaccinated with live-attenuated SIV control replication of heterologous virus. JEM 205: 2537-2550 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kawada, M., Tsukamoto, T., Yamamoto, H., Iwamoto, N., Kurihara, K., Takeda, A., Moriya, C., Takeuchi, H., Akari, H., Matano, T. (2008). Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Based Control of Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in a Vaccine Trial. J. Virol. 82: 10199-10206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Venturi, V., Chin, H. Y., Price, D. A., Douek, D. C., Davenport, M. P. (2008). The Role of Production Frequency in the Sharing of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ TCRs between Macaques. J. Immunol. 181: 2597-2609 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fauci, A. S., Johnston, M. I., Dieffenbach, C. W., Burton, D. R., Hammer, S. M., Hoxie, J. A., Martin, M., Overbaugh, J., Watkins, D. I., Mahmoud, A., Greene, W. C. (2008). HIV Vaccine Research: The Way Forward. Science 321: 530-532 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maness, N. J., Yant, L. J., Chung, C., Loffredo, J. T., Friedrich, T. C., Piaskowski, S. M., Furlott, J., May, G. E., Soma, T., Leon, E. J., Wilson, N. A., Piontkivska, H., Hughes, A. L., Sidney, J., Sette, A., Watkins, D. I. (2008). Comprehensive Immunological Evaluation Reveals Surprisingly Few Differences between Elite Controller and Progressor Mamu-B*17-Positive Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques. J. Virol. 82: 5245-5254 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mansfield, K., Lang, S. M., Gauduin, M.-C., Sanford, H. B., Lifson, J. D., Johnson, R. P., Desrosiers, R. C. (2008). Vaccine Protection by Live, Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of High-Titer Antibody Responses and High-Frequency Cellular Immune Responses Measurable in the Periphery. J. Virol. 82: 4135-4148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mooij, P., Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh, S. S., Koopman, G., Beenhakker, N., van Haaften, P., Baak, I., Nieuwenhuis, I. G., Kondova, I., Wagner, R., Wolf, H., Gomez, C. E., Najera, J. L., Jimenez, V., Esteban, M., Heeney, J. L. (2008). Differential CD4+ versus CD8+ T-Cell Responses Elicited by Different Poxvirus-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vaccine Candidates Provide Comparable Efficacies in Primates. J. Virol. 82: 2975-2988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Loffredo, J. T., Bean, A. T., Beal, D. R., Leon, E. J., May, G. E., Piaskowski, S. M., Furlott, J. R., Reed, J., Musani, S. K., Rakasz, E. G., Friedrich, T. C., Wilson, N. A., Allison, D. B., Watkins, D. I. (2008). Patterns of CD8+ Immunodominance May Influence the Ability of Mamu-B*08-Positive Macaques To Naturally Control Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Replication. J. Virol. 82: 1723-1738 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Koopman, G., Mortier, D., Hofman, S., Mathy, N., Koutsoukos, M., Ertl, P., Overend, P., van Wely, C., Thomsen, L. L., Wahren, B., Voss, G., Heeney, J. L. (2008). Immune-response profiles induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine DNA, protein or mixed-modality immunization: increased protection from pathogenic simian human immunodeficiency virus viraemia with protein/DNA combination. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 540-5533 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Harari, A., Bart, P.-A., Stohr, W., Tapia, G., Garcia, M., Medjitna-Rais, E., Burnet, S., Cellerai, C., Erlwein, O., Barber, T., Moog, C., Liljestrom, P., Wagner, R., Wolf, H., Kraehenbuhl, J.-P., Esteban, M., Heeney, J., Frachette, M.-J., Tartaglia, J., McCormack, S., Babiker, A., Weber, J., Pantaleo, G. (2008). An HIV-1 clade C DNA prime, NYVAC boost vaccine regimen induces reliable, polyfunctional, and long-lasting T cell responses. JEM 205: 63-77 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Giraldo-Vela, J. P., Rudersdorf, R., Chung, C., Qi, Y., Wallace, L. T., Bimber, B., Borchardt, G. J., Fisk, D. L., Glidden, C. E., Loffredo, J. T., Piaskowski, S. M., Furlott, J. R., Morales-Martinez, J. P., Wilson, N. A., Rehrauer, W. M., Lifson, J. D., Carrington, M., Watkins, D. I. (2008). The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Alleles Mamu-DRB1*1003 and -DRB1*0306 Are Enriched in a Cohort of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaque Elite Controllers. J. Virol. 82: 859-870 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sacha, J. B., Chung, C., Reed, J., Jonas, A. K., Bean, A. T., Spencer, S. P., Lee, W., Vojnov, L., Rudersdorf, R., Friedrich, T. C., Wilson, N. A., Lifson, J. D., Watkins, D. I. (2007). Pol-Specific CD8+ T Cells Recognize Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cells Prior to Nef-Mediated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation. J. Virol. 81: 11703-11712 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsukamoto, T., Yuasa, M., Yamamoto, H., Kawada, M., Takeda, A., Igarashi, H., Matano, T. (2007). Induction of CD8+ Cells Able To Suppress CCR5-Tropic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Replication by Controlled Infection of CXCR4-Tropic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques. J. Virol. 81: 11640-11649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maness, N. J., Valentine, L. E., May, G. E., Reed, J., Piaskowski, S. M., Soma, T., Furlott, J., Rakasz, E. G., Friedrich, T. C., Price, D. A., Gostick, E., Hughes, A. L., Sidney, J., Sette, A., Wilson, N. A., Watkins, D. I. (2007). AIDS virus specific CD8+ T lymphocytes against an immunodominant cryptic epitope select for viral escape. JEM 204: 2505-2512 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Velu, V., Kannanganat, S., Ibegbu, C., Chennareddi, L., Villinger, F., Freeman, G. J., Ahmed, R., Amara, R. R. (2007). Elevated Expression Levels of Inhibitory Receptor Programmed Death 1 on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells during Chronic Infection but Not after Vaccination. J. Virol. 81: 5819-5828 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kawada, M., Tsukamoto, T., Yamamoto, H., Takeda, A., Igarashi, H., Watkins, D. I., Matano, T. (2007). Long-Term Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication with Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Preservation after Nonsterile Protection by a Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Based Vaccine. J. Virol. 81: 5202-5211 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Loffredo, J. T., Burwitz, B. J., Rakasz, E. G., Spencer, S. P., Stephany, J. J., Giraldo Vela, J. P., Martin, S. R., Reed, J., Piaskowski, S. M., Furlott, J., Weisgrau, K. L., Rodrigues, D. S., Soma, T., Napoe, G., Friedrich, T. C., Wilson, N. A., Kallas, E. G., Watkins, D. I. (2007). The Antiviral Efficacy of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Unrelated to Epitope Specificity and Is Abrogated by Viral Escape. J. Virol. 81: 2624-2634 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sacha, J. B., Chung, C., Rakasz, E. G., Spencer, S. P., Jonas, A. K., Bean, A. T., Lee, W., Burwitz, B. J., Stephany, J. J., Loffredo, J. T., Allison, D. B., Adnan, S., Hoji, A., Wilson, N. A., Friedrich, T. C., Lifson, J. D., Yang, O. O., Watkins, D. I. (2007). Gag-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes Recognize Infected Cells before AIDS-Virus Integration and Viral Protein Expression. J. Immunol. 178: 2746-2754 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yamamoto, H., Kawada, M., Tsukamoto, T., Takeda, A., Igarashi, H., Miyazawa, M., Naruse, T., Yasunami, M., Kimura, A., Matano, T. (2007). Vaccine-based, long-term, stable control of simian/human immunodeficiency virus 89.6PD replication in rhesus macaques. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 652-659 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chung, C., Lee, W., Loffredo, J. T., Burwitz, B., Friedrich, T. C., Giraldo Vela, J. P., Napoe, G., Rakasz, E. G., Wilson, N. A., Allison, D. B., Watkins, D. I. (2007). Not All Cytokine-Producing CD8+ T Cells Suppress Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication. J. Virol. 81: 1517-1523 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wiseman, R. W., Wojcechowskyj, J. A., Greene, J. M., Blasky, A. J., Gopon, T., Soma, T., Friedrich, T. C., O'Connor, S. L., O'Connor, D. H. (2007). Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Infection of Major Histocompatibility Complex-Identical Cynomolgus Macaques from Mauritius. J. Virol. 81: 349-361 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • De Rose, R., Batten, C. J., Smith, M. Z., Fernandez, C. S., Peut, V., Thomson, S., Ramshaw, I. A., Coupar, B. E. H., Boyle, D. B., Venturi, V., Davenport, M. P., Kent, S. J. (2007). Comparative Efficacy of Subtype AE Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Priming and Boosting Vaccines in Pigtail Macaques. J. Virol. 81: 292-300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»