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Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5179-5188, Vol. 80, No. 11
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02642-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

LC16m8, a Highly Attenuated Vaccinia Virus Vaccine Lacking Expression of the Membrane Protein B5R, Protects Monkeys from Monkeypox

Masayuki Saijo,^1* Yasushi Ami,² Yuriko Suzaki,² Noriyo Nagata,³ Naoko Iwata,³ Hideki Hasegawa,³ Momoko Ogata,¹ Shuetsu Fukushi,¹ Tetsuya Mizutani,¹ Tetsutaro Sata,³ Takeshi Kurata,³ Ichiro Kurane,¹ and Shigeru Morikawa¹

Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1 Laboratory of Animal Experimentation,¹ Laboratory of Infectious Disease Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases,³ Tokyo,Japan²

Received 18 December 2005/ Accepted 6 March 2006

The potential threat of smallpox as a bioweapon has led to the production and stockpiling of smallpox vaccine in some countries. Human monkeypox, a rare but important viral zoonosis endemic to central and western Africa, has recently emerged in the United States. Thus, even though smallpox has been eradicated, a vaccinia virus vaccine that can induce protective immunity against smallpox and monkeypox is still invaluable. The ability of the highly attenuated vaccinia virus vaccine strain LC16m8, with a mutation in the important immunogenic membrane protein B5R, to induce protective immunity against monkeypox in nonhuman primates was evaluated in comparison with the parental Lister strain. Monkeys were immunized with LC16m8 or Lister and then infected intranasally or subcutaneously with monkeypox virus strain Liberia or Zr-599, respectively. Immunized monkeys showed no symptoms of monkeypox in the intranasal-inoculation model, while nonimmunized controls showed typical symptoms. In the subcutaneous-inoculation model, monkeys immunized with LC16m8 showed no symptoms of monkeypox except for a mild ulcer at the site of monkeypox virus inoculation, and those immunized with Lister showed no symptoms of monkeypox, while nonimmunized controls showed lethal and typical symptoms. These results indicate that LC16m8 prevents lethal monkeypox in monkeys, and they suggest that LC16m8 may induce protective immunity against smallpox.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. Phone: 81-42-561-0771, ext. 320. Fax: 81-42-561-2039. E-mail: msaijo{at}nih.go.jp.

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Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5179-5188, Vol. 80, No. 11
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02642-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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