This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Watanabe, R.
Right arrow Articles by Taguchi, F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Watanabe, R.
Right arrow Articles by Taguchi, F.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, May 2006, p. 4901-4908, Vol. 80, No. 10
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.10.4901-4908.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Receptor-Independent Infection of Murine Coronavirus: Analysis by Spinoculation

Rie Watanabe, Shutoku Matsuyama,{dagger} and Fumihiro Taguchi*

Division of Respiratory Viral Diseases and SARS, Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan

Received 16 November 2005/ Accepted 7 February 2006

A highly neurovirulent murine coronavirus JHMV (wild-type [wt] JHMV) is known to spread from cells infected via the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus receptor (MHVR) to cells without MHVR (MHVR-independent infection), whereas a mutant virus isolated from wt JHMV, srr7, spread only in an MHVR-dependent fashion. These observations were obtained by the overlay of JHMV-infected cells onto receptor-negative cells that are otherwise resistant to wt JHMV infection. MHVR-independent infection is hypothetically thought to be attributed to a naturally occurring fusion activation of the wt JHMV S protein, which did not occur in the case of srr7. Attachment of S protein on cells without MHVR during the S-protein activation process seems to be a key condition. Thus, in the present study, we tried to see whether wt JHMV virions that are attached on MHVR-negative cells are able to infect those cells. In order to make virions attach to the cell surface without MHVR, we have used spinoculation, namely, the centrifugation of cells together with inoculated virus at 3,000 rpm for 2 h. This procedure forces viruses to attach to the cell surface, as revealed by quantitative estimation of attached virions by real-time PCR and also facilitated wt JHMV infection to MHVR-negative cells, but failed to do so for srr7. Virions of both wt and srr7 attached on MHVR-negative cells by spinoculation were facilitated for infection in the presence of a soluble form of MHVR that induces conformational changes of both wt and srr7. It was further revealed that wt JHMV S1, but not srr7, was released from the cell surface when S protein was expressed on cells. These observations support the hypothesis that attachment of the virion to MHVR-negative cells is a critical step and that a unique feature of wt JHMV S1 to be released from S2 in a naturally occurring event is involved in an MHVR-independent infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Respiratory Viral Diseases and SARS, Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. Phone: 81-42-561-0771, x533. Fax: 81-42-567-5631. E-mail: ftaguchi{at}nih.go.jp.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908.

Journal of Virology, May 2006, p. 4901-4908, Vol. 80, No. 10
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.10.4901-4908.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Dorner, M., Zucol, F., Berger, C., Byland, R., Melroe, G. T., Bernasconi, M., Speck, R. F., Nadal, D. (2008). Distinct Ex Vivo Susceptibility of B-Cell Subsets to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection According to Differentiation Status and Tissue Origin. J. Virol. 82: 4400-4412 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»