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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 505-513, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.505-513.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 vhs-UL41 Gene Secures Viral Replication by Temporarily Evading Apoptotic Cellular Response to Infection: Vhs-UL41 Activity Might Require Interactions with Elements of Cellular mRNA Degradation Machinery

Ari Barzilai,2,{ddagger} Ifaat Zivony-Elbom,1,2,{ddagger} Ronit Sarid,1,{dagger},{ddagger} Eran Noah,1 and Niza Frenkel1*

The S. Daniel Abraham Institute of Molecular Virology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology,1 Department of Neurobiochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel2

Received 4 June 2005/ Accepted 29 September 2005

We have previously shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is associated with early destabilization/degradation of infected cell mRNAs and consequent shutoff of host protein synthesis by the activity of the virion-associated host shutoff (vhs) UL41 protein. Wild-type (wt) virus destabilized/degraded the housekeeping ß-actin and {alpha}-tubulin mRNAs as well host stress functions, like the heat shock 70 protein induced postinfection. vhs mutants did not degrade the mRNAs. Elaborate studies by others have been concerned with the mode of mRNA degradation and the mRNAs affected. We now describe vhs activity in primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Specifically, (i) upon infection in the presence of actinomycin D to test activity of input viral particles, there was a generalized inhibition of protein synthesis, which depended on the input multiplicity of infection (MOI). (ii) Low-MOI infection with vhs-1 mutant virus was associated with increased synthesis of all apparent proteins. Higher MOIs caused some shutoff, albeit significantly lower than that of wt virus. This pattern could reflect an interaction(s) of vhs-1 protein with host machinery involved in cellular mRNA destabilization/degradation, sequestering this activity. (iii) wt virus infection was associated with cell survival, at least for a while, whereas mutant virus induced apoptotic cell death at earlier times. (iv) wt virus replicated well in the CGNs, whereas there was no apparent replication of the vhs-1 mutant virus. (v) The vhs-1 mutant could serve as helper virus for composite amplicon vectors carrying marker genes and the human p53 gene. Ongoing studies test the use of vhs-1-based composite oncolytic vectors towards cancer gene therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The S. Daniel Abraham Institute of Molecular Virology and the Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Britannia Building, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Phone: 972-3-6407166. Fax: 972-3-6407165. E-mail: nfrenkel{at}post.tau.ac.il.

{ddagger} These authors contributed equally to the paper.

{dagger} Present address: Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 505-513, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.505-513.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Sarma, N., Agarwal, D., Shiflett, L. A., Read, G. S. (2008). Small Interfering RNAs That Deplete the Cellular Translation Factor eIF4H Impede mRNA Degradation by the Virion Host Shutoff Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus. J. Virol. 82: 6600-6609 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Korom, M., Wylie, K. M., Morrison, L. A. (2008). Selective Ablation of Virion Host Shutoff Protein RNase Activity Attenuates Herpes Simplex Virus 2 in Mice. J. Virol. 82: 3642-3653 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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