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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 226-235, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.226-235.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification of a Novel Pathway Essential for the Immediate-Early, Interferon-Independent Antiviral Response to Enveloped Virions

Ryan S. Noyce,1 Susan E. Collins,2 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*

Centre for Gene Therapeutics and Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,1 Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z52

Received 22 August 2005/ Accepted 8 October 2005

Viral infection elicits the activation of numerous cellular signal transduction pathways, leading to the induction of both innate and adaptive immunity. Previously we showed that entry of virion particles from a diverse array of enveloped virus families was capable of eliciting an interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3)-mediated antiviral state in human fibroblasts in the absence of interferon production. Here we show that extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase activities are not required for antiviral state induction. In contrast, treatment of cells with LY294002, an inhibitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) family, prevents the induction of interferon-stimulated gene 56 (ISG56) and an antiviral response upon entry of virus particles. However, the prototypic class I p85/p110 PI3 kinase and its downstream effector Akt/PKB are dispensable for ISG and antiviral state induction. Furthermore, DNA-PK and PAK1, LY294002-sensitive members of the PI3 kinase family shown previously to be involved in IRF-3 activation, are also dispensable for ISG and antiviral state induction. The LY294002 inhibitor fails to prevent IRF-3 homodimerization or nuclear translocation upon virus particle entry. Together, these data suggest that virus entry triggers an innate antiviral response that requires the activity of a novel PI3 kinase family member.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, Room 5026, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5. Phone: (905) 525-9140, ext. 23542. Fax: (905) 522-6750. E-mail: mossk{at}mcmaster.ca.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 226-235, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.226-235.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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