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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 210-217, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.210-217.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3a Protein Is Released in Membranous Structures from 3a Protein-Expressing Cells and Infected Cells

Cheng Huang,1,{dagger} Krishna Narayanan,1,{dagger} Naoto Ito,1,2 C. J. Peters,1,3 and Shinji Makino1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology,1 Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1019,3 Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan2

Received 11 July 2005/ Accepted 3 October 2005

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) accessory protein 3a is a virus structural protein. We demonstrate here that 3a protein was released efficiently in membranous structures from various cell lines expressing 3a protein. A subpopulation of the released 3a protein is associated with detergent-resistant membranes. The presence of the Yxx{Phi} and diacidic motifs, located within the cytoplasmic tail of the 3a protein, was not required for its efficient release. Analysis of supernatant from SCoV-infected cells with sucrose gradient sedimentation and virus capture assay indicated that the 3a protein was released from infected cells in two distinct populations, as a component of SCoV particles, and in membrane structures with a lower buoyant density. These data provide new insights into the biological properties of SCoV 3a protein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019. Phone: (409) 772-2323. Fax: (409) 772-5065. E-mail: shmakino{at}utmb.edu.

{dagger} C.H. and K.N. contributed equally to this study.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 210-217, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.210-217.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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