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Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4838-4847, Vol. 79, No. 8
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.8.4838-4847.2005

Constitutive Expression of Alpha Interferon by Skin Dendritic Cells Confers Resistance to Infection by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Elida M. Bautista, Geoffrey S. Ferman, Douglas Gregg, Mario C. S. Brum, Marvin J. Grubman, and William T. Golde*

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York

Received 15 June 2004/ Accepted 19 November 2004

The role of dendritic cells (DC) in the initiation of immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is poorly understood. We analyzed the innate response of freshly isolated swine skin DC to the virus and show a rapid induction of beta interferon (IFN-ß) mRNA but not IFN-{alpha} mRNA. However, these DC secreted both IFN-{alpha} and IFN-ß proteins in response to live virus but not killed virus. Furthermore, the surface expression of swine major histocompatibility complex class II (SLA II) or CD80/CD86 molecules and antigen processing functions were not affected by FMDV exposure. Given the demonstrated sensitivity of FMDV to IFN-{alpha}/ß, there was no productive or nonproductive infection of these cells. Finally, freshly isolated skin DC constitutively expressed intracellular IFN-{alpha} protein in the absence of stimulation, with no detectable secretion of the cytokine until virus exposure. In situ analysis of these DC showed that these cells express and store IFN-{alpha} in uninfected animals. This is the first demonstration of the constitutive expression of IFN-{alpha} in resident, tissue-derived DC and indicates that skin DC can play an important role in the innate immune response of swine to viral infections.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: PIADC, ARS, USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848. Phone: (631) 323-3249. Fax: (631) 323-3006. E-mail: wgolde{at}piadc.ars.usda.gov.

Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4838-4847, Vol. 79, No. 8
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.8.4838-4847.2005




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