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Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3822-3830, Vol. 79, No. 6
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3822-3830.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Complementarity in the Supramolecular Design of Arenaviruses and Retroviruses Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy and Image Analysis{dagger}

Benjamin W. Neuman,1* Brian D. Adair,2 John W. Burns,3 Ronald A. Milligan,2 Michael J. Buchmeier,1 and Mark Yeager2,4

Departments of Neuropharmacology,1 Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute,2 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla,4 Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California3

Received 17 June 2004/ Accepted 26 October 2004

Arenaviruses are rodent-borne agents of diseases, including potentially lethal human hemorrhagic fevers. These enveloped viruses encapsidate a bisegmented ambisense single-stranded RNA genome that can be packaged in variable copy number. Electron cryomicroscopy and image analysis of New World Pichinde and Tacaribe arenaviruses and Old World lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus revealed pleomorphic enveloped particles ranging in diameter from ~400 to ~2,000 Å. The surface spikes were spaced ~100 Å apart and extended ~90 Å from the maximum phospholipid headgroup density of the outer bilayer leaflet. Distinctive stalk and head regions extended radially ~30 and ~60 Å from the outer bilayer leaflet, respectively. Two interior layers of density apposed to the inner leaflet of the viral lipid bilayer were assigned as protein Z and nucleoprotein (NP) molecules on the basis of their appearance, spacing, and projected volume. Analysis of en face views of virions lacking the GP-C spikes showed reflections consistent with paracrystalline packing of the NP molecules in a lattice with edges of ~57 and ~74 Å. The structural proteins of retroviruses and arenaviruses assemble with similar radial density distributions, using common cellular components.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037. Phone: (858) 784-7162. Fax: (858) 784-7369. E-mail: bneuman{at}scripps.edu.

{dagger} This is TSRI manuscript 16374-NP.

Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3822-3830, Vol. 79, No. 6
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3822-3830.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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