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Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3748-3757, Vol. 79, No. 6
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3748-3757.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enhanced Cellular Immunity in Macaques following a Novel Peptide Immunotherapy

S. Chea,^1, C. J. Dale,^1, R. De Rose,¹ I. A. Ramshaw,² and S. J. Kent^1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria,¹ John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia²

Received 29 August 2004/ Accepted 21 October 2004

Advances in treating and preventing AIDS depend on understanding how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is eliminated in vivo and on the manipulation of effective immune responses to HIV. During the development of assays quantifying the elimination of fluorescent autologous cells coated with overlapping 15-mer simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or HIV-1 peptides, we made a remarkable observation: the reinfusion of macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or even whole blood, pulsed with SIV and/or HIV peptides generated sharply enhanced SIV- and HIV-1-specific T-cell immunity. Strong, broad CD4⁺- and CD8⁺-T-cell responses could be enhanced simultaneously against peptide pools spanning 87% of all SIV- and HIV-1-expressed proteins—highly desirable characteristics of HIV-specific immunity. De novo hepatitis C virus-specific CD4⁺- and CD8⁺-T-cell responses were generated in macaques by the same method. This simple technique holds promise for the immunotherapy of HIV and other chronic viral infections.

S.C. and C.J.D. contributed equally to this work.

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