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Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3179-3181, Vol. 79, No. 5
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.5.3179-3181.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Alternative tRNA Priming of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcription Explains Sequence Variation in the Primer-Binding Site That Has Been Attributed to APOBEC3G Activity

Atze T. Das, Monique Vink, and Ben Berkhout*

Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 3 September 2004/ Accepted 14 October 2004

It is generally assumed that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uses exclusively the cellular molecule as a primer for reverse transcription. We demonstrate that HIV-1 uses not only but also an alternative tRNA primer. This tRNA was termed , and the near completion of the human genome project has allowed the identification of four encoding genes. Priming with results in a single nucleotide polymorphism in the viral primer-binding site that is present in multiple natural and laboratory HIV isolates. This sequence variation was recently attributed to APOBEC3G activity. However, our results show that alternative tRNA priming can cause this mutation in the absence of APOBEC3G.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: (31-20) 5664822. Fax: (31-20) 6916531. E-mail: b.berkhout{at}amc.uva.nl.

Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3179-3181, Vol. 79, No. 5
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.5.3179-3181.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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