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Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 2931-2940, Vol. 79, No. 5
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.5.2931-2940.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Ectodomain of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein H Contains a Membrane {alpha}-Helix with Attributes of an Internal Fusion Peptide, Positionally Conserved in the Herpesviridae Family

Tatiana Gianni,1 Pier Luigi Martelli,2 Rita Casadio,2 and Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume1*

Department of Experimental Pathology,1 Section on Microbiology and Virology, and Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy2

Received 2 September 2004/ Accepted 12 October 2004

Human herpesviruses enter cells by fusion with target membranes, a process that requires three conserved glycoproteins: gB, gH, and gL. How these glycoproteins execute fusion is unknown. Neural network bioinformatics predicted a membrane {alpha}-helix contained within the ectodomain of herpes simplex virus (HSV) gH, positionally conserved in the gH of all examined herpesviruses. Evidence that it has attributes of an internal fusion peptide rests on the following lines of evidence. (i) The predicted membrane {alpha}-helix has the attribute of a membrane segment, since it transformed a soluble form of gD into a membrane-bound gD. (ii) It represents a critical domain of gH. Its partial or entire deletion, or substitution of critical residues inhibited HSV infectivity and fusion in the cell-cell fusion assay. (iii) Its replacement with the fusion peptide from human immunodeficiency virus gp41 or from vesicular stomatitis virus G partially rescued HSV infectivity and cell-cell fusion. The corresponding antisense sequences did not. (iv) The predicted {alpha}-helix located in the varicella-zoster virus gH ectodomain can functionally substitute the native HSV gH membrane {alpha}-helix, suggesting a conserved function in the human herpesviruses. We conclude that HSV gH exhibits features typical of viral fusion glycoproteins and that this property is likely conserved in the Herpesviridae family.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Experimental Pathology, Section on Microbiology and Virology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Phone: 39-051-2094733/2094734. Fax: 39-051-2094735. E-mail: gabriella.campadelli{at}unibo.it.

Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 2931-2940, Vol. 79, No. 5
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.5.2931-2940.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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