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Civets Are Equally Susceptible to Experimental Infection by Two Different Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Isolates

Donglai Wu,^1, Changchun Tu,^2, Chaoan Xin,³ Hua Xuan,⁴ Qingwen Meng,¹ Yonggang Liu,¹ Yedong Yu,⁵ Yuntao Guan,¹ Yu Jiang,² Xunnan Yin,¹ Gary Crameri,⁶ Muping Wang,¹ Changwen Li,¹ Shengwang Liu,¹ Ming Liao,³ Li Feng,¹ Hua Xiang,² Jinfu Sun,² Jinding Chen,³ Yanwei Sun,⁵ Shoulin Gu,¹ Nihong Liu,¹ Dexia Fu,¹ Bryan T. Eaton,⁶ Lin-Fa Wang,⁶ and Xiangang Kong^1*

National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin,¹ Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences,² Department of Military Veterinary, Changchun University of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Changchun,⁴ College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University,³ Guangdong Provincial Veterinary Station of Epidemic Prevention and Supervision, Guangzhou, China,⁵ Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia⁶

Received 28 June 2004/ Accepted 9 September 2004

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a novel virus now known as SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The discovery of SARS-CoV-like viruses in masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) raises the possibility that civets play a role in SARS-CoV transmission. To test the susceptibility of civets to experimental infection by different SARS-CoV isolates, 10 civets were inoculated with two human isolates of SARS-CoV, BJ01 (with a 29-nucleotide deletion) and GZ01 (without the 29-nucleotide deletion). All inoculated animals displayed clinical symptoms, such as fever, lethargy, and loss of aggressiveness, and the infection was confirmed by virus isolation, detection of viral genomic RNA, and serum-neutralizing antibodies. Our data show that civets were equally susceptible to SARS-CoV isolates GZ01 and BJ01.

D.W. and C.T. contributed equally to this work.

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