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Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 1605-1612, Vol. 79, No. 3
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1605-1612.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection via the Bloodstream with Apolipoprotein E Dependence in the Gonads Is Influenced by Gender

Javier S. Burgos,1,2*,{dagger} Carlos Ramirez,1,2,{dagger} Isabel Sastre,1,2 Juan M. Alfaro,1,2 and Fernando Valdivieso1,2

Departamento de Biología Molecular,1 Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain2

Received 2 June 2004/ Accepted 7 September 2004

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes disease in humans and animals. Infection usually occurs via the neural route and possibly occurs via the hematogenous route. The latter, however, is the main route by which immunosuppressed individuals and neonates are infected. Gender-dependent differences in the incidence and severity of some viral infections have been reported. To detect differences between the sexes with respect to HSV-1 colonization and disease, the characteristics of both acute and latent infections in hematogenously infected male and female mice were compared. In acute infection, the female mice had a poorer outcome: HSV-1 colonization was more effective, especially in the gonads and brain. In the encephalon, the midbrain had the highest viral load. In latent infection, brain viral loads were not significantly different with respect to sex. Significant differences were seen, however, in the blood and trigeminal ganglia: HSV-1 seroprevalence was observed in females, with no virus detected in males. In brain dissections, only the cerebral cortex of the females had viral loads statistically higher than those observed in the males. The spread of the virus to several organs of interest during acute infection was examined immunohistochemically. Female mice showed greater viral immunostaining, especially in the adrenal cortex, gonads, and midbrain. In male mice, HSV-1 was detected predominantly in the adrenal cortex. It was also found that apolipoprotein E promotes virus colonization of the ovaries, the APOE gene dose being directly related to viral invasiveness.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Lab CX340, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34 91 4978471. Fax: 34 91 4974870. E-mail: jburgos{at}cbm.uam.es.

{dagger} J.S.B. and C.R. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 1605-1612, Vol. 79, No. 3
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1605-1612.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Burgos, J. S., Ramirez, C., Sastre, I., Valdivieso, F. (2006). Effect of apolipoprotein e on the cerebral load of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA.. J. Virol. 80: 5383-5387 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Burgos, J. S., Ramirez, C., Guzman-Sanchez, F., Alfaro, J. M., Sastre, I., Valdivieso, F. (2006). Hematogenous Vertical Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Mice. J. Virol. 80: 2823-2831 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jones, C., Inman, M., Peng, W., Henderson, G., Doster, A., Perng, G.-C., Angeletti, A. K. (2005). The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Locus That Encodes the Latency-Associated Transcript Enhances the Frequency of Encephalitis in Male BALB/c Mice. J. Virol. 79: 14465-14469 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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