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Journal of Virology, December 2005, p. 14998-15003, Vol. 79, No. 23
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.23.14998-15003.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolution of Cyclophilin A and TRIMCyp Retrotransposition in New World Primates

Ieda P. Ribeiro,1 Albert N. Menezes,2 Miguel A. M. Moreira,2 Cibele R. Bonvicino,2 Héctor N. Seuánez,1,2 and Marcelo A. Soares1*

Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS—bloco A—sala A2-121, Cidade Universitaria—Ilha do Fundão, 21949-570 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,1 Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-4o andar, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2

Received 27 June 2005/ Accepted 31 August 2005

Host cell factors modulate retroviral infections. Among those, cyclophilin A (CypA) promotes virus infectivity by facilitating virus uncoating or capsid unfolding or by preventing retroviral capsid interaction with cellular restriction factors. In Aotus species, a retrotransposed copy of CypA inserted into the tripartite motif 5 (TRIM5) gene encodes a fusion protein which may block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by targeting the incoming virus to ubiquitin-ligated degradation or by interfering with normal uncoating of the incoming particle, rendering those monkeys resistant to infection. In this study, we have extensively analyzed representative specimens from all New World primate genera and shown that the retrotransposed CypA copy is only present in Aotus. We have shown that this inserted copy diverged from its original counterpart and that this occurred prior to Aotus radiation, although no positive selection was observed. Finally, our data underscores the need for a precise taxonomic identification of primate species used as models for retroviral infections and novel antiviral approaches.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS—bloco A—sala A2-121, Cidade Universitaria—Ilha do Fundão, 21949-570 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Phone: 55-21-2562-6384. Fax: 55-21-2462-6396. E-mail:masoares{at}biologia.ufrj.br.

Journal of Virology, December 2005, p. 14998-15003, Vol. 79, No. 23
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.23.14998-15003.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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