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Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 13993-14003, Vol. 79, No. 22
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.22.13993-14003.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Infection Contributes to Lymphoproliferative Disease in a SCID Mouse Model

Gregory K. Hong,1,2 Margaret L. Gulley,3 Wen-Hai Feng,1 Henri-Jacques Delecluse,4 Elizabeth Holley-Guthrie,1 and Shannon C. Kenney1,2,5*

Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology,2 Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,3 German Cancer Research Center, Applied Tumour Virology F-100, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany,4 Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 275995

Received 26 May 2005/ Accepted 15 August 2005

Most Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumor cells contain one of the latent forms of viral infection. The role of lytic viral gene expression in EBV-associated malignancies is unknown. Here we show that EBV mutants that cannot undergo lytic viral replication are defective in promoting EBV-mediated lymphoproliferative disease (LPD). Early-passage lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from EBV mutants with a deletion of either viral immediate-early gene grew similarly to wild-type (WT) virus LCLs in vitro but were deficient in producing LPD when inoculated into SCID mice. Restoration of lytic EBV gene expression enhanced growth in SCID mice. Acyclovir, which prevents lytic viral replication but not expression of early lytic viral genes, did not inhibit the growth of WT LCLs in SCID mice. Early-passage LCLs derived from the lytic-defective viruses had substantially decreased expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and restoration of lytic gene expression reversed this defect. Expression of cellular IL-10 and viral IL-10 was also diminished in lytic-defective LCLs. These results suggest that lytic EBV gene expression contributes to EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease, potentially through induction of paracrine B-cell growth factors.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 22-038 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, CB #7295, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Phone: (919) 966-1248. Fax: (919) 966-8212. E-mail: shann{at}med.unc.edu.

Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 13993-14003, Vol. 79, No. 22
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.22.13993-14003.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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