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Journal of Virology, October 2005, p. 12650-12657, Vol. 79, No. 20
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.12650-12657.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Sabin 3-Derived Poliovirus Recombinant Contained a Sequence Homologous with Indigenous Human Enterovirus Species C in the Viral Polymerase Coding Region{dagger}

Minetaro Arita,1* Shuang-Li Zhu,2 Hiromu Yoshida,1 Tetsuo Yoneyama,1 Tatsuo Miyamura,1 and Hiroyuki Shimizu1

Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan,1 National Reference Laboratory of Poliomyelitis, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China2

Received 14 April 2005/ Accepted 20 July 2005

Outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have been reported in areas where indigenous wild polioviruses (PVs) were eliminated by vaccination. Most of these cVDPVs contained unidentified sequences in the nonstructural protein coding region which were considered to be derived from human enterovirus species C (HEV-C) by recombination. In this study, we report isolation of a Sabin 3-derived PV recombinant (Cambodia-02) from an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case in Cambodia in 2002. We attempted to identify the putative recombination counterpart of Cambodia-02 by sequence analysis of nonpolio enterovirus isolates from AFP cases in Cambodia from 1999 to 2003. Based on the previously estimated evolution rates of PVs, the recombination event resulting in Cambodia-02 was estimated to have occurred within 6 months after the administration of oral PV vaccine (99.3% nucleotide identity in VP1 region). The 2BC and the 3Dpol coding regions of Cambodia-02 were grouped into the genetic cluster of indigenous coxsackie A virus type 17 (CAV17) (the highest [87.1%] nucleotide identity) and the cluster of indigenous CAV13-CAV18 (the highest [94.9%] nucleotide identity) by the phylogenic analysis of the HEV-C isolates in 2002, respectively. CAV13-CAV18 and CAV17 were the dominant HEV-C serotypes in 2002 but not in 2001 and in 2003. We found a putative recombination between CAV13-CAV18 and CAV17 in the 3CDpro coding region of a CAV17 isolate. These results suggested that a part of the 3Dpol coding region of PV3(Cambodia-02) was derived from a HEV-C strain genetically related to indigenous CAV13-CAV18 strains in 2002 in Cambodia.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. Phone: 81-42-561-0771. Fax: 81-42-561-4729. E-mail: minetaro{at}nih.go.jp.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org.

Journal of Virology, October 2005, p. 12650-12657, Vol. 79, No. 20
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.12650-12657.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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