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Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 1027-1035, Vol. 79, No. 2
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.1027-1035.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Poliovirus Escape from RNA Interference: Short Interfering RNA-Target Recognition and Implications for Therapeutic Approaches

Leonid Gitlin,{dagger} Jeffrey K. Stone, and Raul Andino*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Received 2 July 2004/ Accepted 19 August 2004

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against poliovirus and other viruses effectively inhibit viral replication. Although RNA interference (RNAi) may provide the basis for specific antiviral therapies, the limitations of RNAi antiviral strategies are ill defined. Here, we show that poliovirus readily escapes highly effective siRNAs through unique point mutations within the targeted regions. Competitive analysis of the escape mutants provides insights into the basis of siRNA recognition. The RNAi machinery can tolerate mismatches but is exquisitely sensitive to mutations within the central region and the 3' end of the target sequence. Indeed, specific mutations in the target sequence resulting in G:U mismatches are sufficient for the virus to escape siRNA inhibition. However, using a pool of siRNAs to simultaneously target multiple sites in the viral genome prevents the emergence of resistant viruses. Our study uncovers the elegant precision of target recognition by the RNAi machinery and provides the basis for the development of effective RNAi-based therapies that prevent viral escape.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, Mission Bay Genentech Hall, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94143-2280. Phone: (415) 502-6358. Fax: (415) 476-0939. E-mail: andino{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.

Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 1027-1035, Vol. 79, No. 2
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.1027-1035.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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