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Journal of Virology, October 2005, p. 12394-12400, Vol. 79, No. 19
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.19.12394-12400.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inactivation of Retroviruses with Preservation of Structural Integrity by Targeting the Hydrophobic Domain of the Viral Envelope

Yossef Raviv,1,2* Mathias Viard,1 Julian W Bess Jr.,3 Elena Chertova,3 and Robert Blumenthal1

Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program,1 Basic Research Program, SAIC,2 AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland3

Received 28 March 2005/ Accepted 8 July 2005

We describe a new approach for the preparation of inactivated retroviruses for vaccine application. The lipid domain of the viral envelope was selectively targeted to inactivate proteins and lipids therein and block fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane. In this way, complete elimination of the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) could be achieved with preservation of antigenic determinants on the surface of the viral envelope. Inactivation was accomplished by modification of proteins and lipids in the viral envelope using the hydrophobic photoinduced alkylating probe 1,5 iodonaphthylazide (INA). Treatment of HIV and SIV isolates with INA plus light completely blocked fusion of the viral envelope and abolished infectivity. The inactivated virus remained structurally unchanged, with no detectable loss of viral proteins. Modifications to envelope and nucleocapsid proteins were detected by changes in their elution pattern on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. These modifications had no effect on primary and secondary structure epitopes as determined by monoclonal antibodies. Likewise, the inactivated HIV reacted as well as the live virus with the conformation-sensitive and broadly neutralizing anti-HIV type 1 monoclonal antibodies 2G12, b12, and 4E10. Targeting the lipid domain of biological membranes with hydrophobic alkylating compounds could be used as a general approach for inactivation of enveloped viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms for vaccine application.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Building 469, Room 215, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702. Phone: (301) 846-6522. Fax: (301) 846-6210. E-mail: yraviv{at}ncifcrf.gov.

Journal of Virology, October 2005, p. 12394-12400, Vol. 79, No. 19
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.19.12394-12400.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Raviv, Y., Blumenthal, R., Tompkins, S. M., Humberd, J., Hogan, R. J., Viard, M. (2008). Hydrophobic Inactivation of Influenza Viruses Confers Preservation of Viral Structure with Enhanced Immunogenicity. J. Virol. 82: 4612-4619 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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