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Journal of Virology, September 2005, p. 12088-12094, Vol. 79, No. 18
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.18.12088-12094.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virological Synapse Formation in T Cells Requires Lipid Raft Integrity

Clare Jolly and Quentin J. Sattentau*

The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, United Kingdom

Received 10 February 2005/ Accepted 16 June 2005

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can spread directly between T cells by forming a supramolecular structure termed a virological synapse (VS). HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) are required for VS assembly, but their mode of recruitment is unclear. We investigated the distribution of GM1-rich lipid rafts in HIV-1-infected (effector) T cells and observed Env colocalization with polarized raft markers GM1 and CD59 but not with the transferrin receptor that is excluded from lipid rafts. In conjugates of effector T cells and target CD4+ T cells, GM1, Env, and Gag relocated to the cell-cell interface. The depletion of cholesterol in the infected cell dispersed Env and GM1 within the plasma membrane, eliminated Gag clustering at the site of cell-cell contact, and abolished assembly of the VS. Raft integrity is therefore critical for Env and Gag coclustering and VS assembly in T-cell conjugates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. Phone and fax: 44 1865 275511. E-mail: Quentin.sattentau{at}pathology.ox.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, September 2005, p. 12088-12094, Vol. 79, No. 18
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.18.12088-12094.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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