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Journal of Virology, September 2005, p. 12025-12034, Vol. 79, No. 18
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.18.12025-12034.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effects of Substitutions of Arginine Residues on the Basic Surface of Herpes Simplex Virus UL42 Support a Role for DNA Binding in Processive DNA Synthesis

John C. W. Randell,1,{dagger} Gloria Komazin,1 Changying Jiang,2 Charles B. C. Hwang,2 and Donald M. Coen1*

Committee on Virology and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 132102

Received 29 March 2005/ Accepted 5 July 2005

The way that UL42, the processivity subunit of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase, interacts with DNA and promotes processivity remains unclear. A positively charged face of UL42 has been proposed to participate in electrostatic interactions with DNA that would tether the polymerase to a template without preventing its translocation via DNA sliding. An alternative model proposes that DNA binding by UL42 is not important for processivity. To investigate these issues, we substituted alanine for each of four conserved arginine residues on the positively charged surface. Each single substitution decreased the DNA binding affinity of UL42, with 14- to 30-fold increases in apparent dissociation constants. The mutant proteins exhibited no meaningful change in affinity for binding to the C terminus of the catalytic subunit of the polymerase, indicating that the substitutions exert a specific effect on DNA binding. The substitutions decreased UL42-mediated long-chain DNA synthesis by the polymerase in the same rank order in which they affected DNA binding, consistent with a role for DNA binding in polymerase processivity. Combining these substitutions decreased DNA binding further and impaired the complementation of a UL42 null virus in transfected cells. Additionally, using a revised mathematical model to analyze rates of dissociation of UL42 from DNAs of various lengths, we found that dissociation from internal sites, which would be the most important for tethering the polymerase, was relatively slow, even at ionic strengths that permit processive DNA synthesis by the holoenzyme. These data provide evidence that the basic surface of UL42 interacts with DNA and support a model in which DNA binding by UL42 is important for processive DNA synthesis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dept. of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave., SGMB-304, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 432-1691. Fax: (617) 432-3833. E-mail: Don_Coen{at}hms.harvard.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Journal of Virology, September 2005, p. 12025-12034, Vol. 79, No. 18
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.18.12025-12034.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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