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Journal of Virology, September 2005, p. 11523-11528, Vol. 79, No. 17
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.17.11523-11528.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mutations during the First Month of Infection Are Preferentially Found in Known Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes

Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94118,¹ Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94118,² Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143,³ Grifols Biologicals, Los Angeles, California 90032⁴

Received 27 January 2005/ Accepted 27 May 2005

The full protein coding region of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genomes were sequenced using plasma collected from nine African-Americans prior to seroconversion and 7 to 28 days later. HIV mutations emerged in seven of these subjects at a genomewide rate of 2% per year. The location of nonsynonymous (NS) HIV mutations within these subjects was compared to their potential HLA-A and B types restricted CTL epitopes reported in the Los Alamos National Laboratory HIV immunology database. A statistically significant (P < 0.005) number of the early NS mutations (13.5%) were found within previously reported CTL epitopes. A virus sequencing and reported CTL epitopes database analysis therefore support a model where a significant proportion of very early nonsynonymous HIV mutations are selected by CTL.

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