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Studies of H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection of Pigs by Using Viruses Isolated in Vietnam and Thailand in 2004

Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale St., Memphis, Tennessee 38105,¹ Department of Virology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam,² Department of Microbiology, Sriraj Hospital, Bangkok 10700, Thailand,³ Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok 10900, Thailand,⁴ Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam,⁵ Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China,⁶ College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12, Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea,⁷ Division of Project Research, Creative Research Initiative, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan⁸

Received 20 January 2005/ Accepted 1 April 2005

To determine whether avian H5N1 influenza viruses associated with human infections in Vietnam had transmitted to pigs, we investigated serologic evidence of exposure to H5N1 influenza virus in Vietnamese pigs in 2004. Of the 3,175 pig sera tested, 8 (0.25%) were positive for avian H5N1 influenza viruses isolated in 2004 by virus neutralization assay and Western blot analysis. Experimental studies of replication and transmissibility of the 2004 Asian H5N1 viruses in pigs revealed that all viruses tested replicated in the swine respiratory tract but none were transmitted to contact pigs. Virus titers from nasal swabs peaked on day 2, and low titers were detected in the liver of two of the four pigs tested. Our findings indicate that pigs can be infected with highly lethal Asian H5N1 viruses but that these viruses are not readily transmitted between pigs under experimental conditions.

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