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Journal of Virology, August 2005, p. 10589-10600, Vol. 79, No. 16
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.16.10589-10600.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Cycloxygenase 2 in the Ocular Immunopathologic Disease Herpetic Stromal Keratitis

Partha S. Biswas,1 Kaustuv Banerjee,1 Bumseok Kim,1 Paul R. Kinchington,2 and Barry T. Rouse1*

Comparative and Experimental Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,1 Department of Opthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 152132

Received 22 March 2005/ Accepted 21 April 2005

Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) results in a blinding immunoinflammatory stromal keratitis (SK) lesion. Early preclinical events include polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and neovascularization in the corneal stroma. We demonstrate here that HSV infection of the cornea results in the upregulation of the cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme. Early after infection, COX-2 was produced from uninfected stromal fibroblasts as an indirect effect of virus infection. Subsequently, COX-2 may also be produced from other inflammatory cells that infiltrate the cornea. The induction of COX-2 is a critical event, since inhibition of COX-2 with a selective inhibitor was shown to reduce corneal angiogenesis and SK severity. The administration of a COX-2 inhibitor resulted in compromised PMN infiltration into the cornea, as well as diminished corneal vascular endothelial growth factor levels, likely accounting for the reduced angiogenic response. COX-2 stimulation by HSV infection represents a critical early event accessible for therapy and the control of SK severity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: M409 Walters Life Sciences Bldg., Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, TN 37996. Phone: (865) 974-4026. Fax: (865) 974-4007. E-mail: btr{at}utk.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2005, p. 10589-10600, Vol. 79, No. 16
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.16.10589-10600.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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