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Journal of Virology, August 2005, p. 10138-10146, Vol. 79, No. 16
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.16.10138-10146.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

RNAs in the Virion of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

Jill Bechtel,* Adam Grundhoff, and Don Ganem*

Howard Hughes Medical Institute and G. W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143

Received 25 December 2004/ Accepted 16 May 2005

De novo infection of cultured cells with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) typically results in a latent infection. Recently, however, it has been reported that a subset of lytic mRNAs can be detected in cells shortly after KSHV infection; this expression is transient and eventually subsides, leading to latent infection (H. H. Krishnan et al., J. Virol 78:3601-3620, 2004). Since it has been shown that viral RNAs can be packaged into other herpesvirus virions, we sought to determine if KSHV virions contained RNAs and, if so, whether these RNAs contributed to the pool of lytic transcripts detected immediately after infection. Using DNA microarray, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and Northern blotting analyses, we identified 11 virally encoded RNAs in KSHV virions. These corresponded in size to the full-length mRNAs found in cytoplasmic RNA, and at least one was directly demonstrated to be translated upon infection in the presence of actinomycin D. Ten of these RNAs correspond to transcripts reported by Krishnan et al. at early times of infection, representing ca. 30% of such RNAs. Thus, import of RNAs in virions can account for some but not all of the early-appearing lytic transcripts. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of infected-cell RNA demonstrated that most of the virion RNAs were very abundant at late times of infection, consistent with nonspecific incorporation during budding. However, the intracellular levels of one virion mRNA, encoding the viral protease, were much lower than those of transcripts not packaged in the virus particle, strongly suggesting that it may be incorporated by a specific mechanism.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and G. W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143. Phone: (415) 476-2826. Fax: (415) 476-0939. E-mail for D. Ganem: ganem{at}cgl.ucsf.edu. E-mail for J. Bechtel: bechtel{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2005, p. 10138-10146, Vol. 79, No. 16
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.16.10138-10146.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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