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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 9197-9205, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.9197-9205.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

In Vitro Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Measles Virus

W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health,¹ Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine,² Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland³

Received 18 January 2005/ Accepted 27 March 2005

During the acute phase of measles, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children have a transient, but dramatic, decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (W. J. Moss, J. J. Ryon, M. Monze, F. Cutts, T. C. Quinn, and D. E. Griffin, J. Infect. Dis. 185:1035-1042, 2002). To determine the mechanism(s) by which coinfection with measles virus (MV) decreases HIV-1 replication, we established an in vitro culture system that reproduces this effect. The addition of MV to CCR5- or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) decreased HIV-1 p24 antigen production in a dose-dependent manner. This decrease occurred with the addition of MV before or after HIV-1. The inhibition of HIV-1 p24 antigen production was decreased when UV-inactivated MV or virus-free supernatant fluid from MV-infected PBMCs was used. Inhibition was not due to increased production of chemokines known to block coreceptor usage by HIV-1, a decrease in the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, or a decrease in chemokine receptor expression by CD4⁺ T cells. Viability of PBMCs was decreased only 10 to 20% by MV coinfection; however, lymphocyte proliferation was decreased by 60 to 90% and correlated with decreased production of p24 antigen. These studies showed that an in vitro system of coinfected PBMCs could be used to dissect the mechanism(s) by which MV suppresses HIV-1 replication in coinfected children and suggest that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by MV may play a role in the suppression of HIV-1 p24 antigen production.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Garcia, M., Yu, X.-F., Griffin, D. E., Moss, W. J. (2008). Measles virus inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription and replication by blocking cell-cycle progression of CD4+ T lymphocytes. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 984-993 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zilliox, M. J., Parmigiani, G., Griffin, D. E. (2006). Gene expression patterns in dendritic cells infected with measles virus compared with other pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 3363-3368 [Abstract] [Full Text]