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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 9097-9107, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.9097-9107.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Constituents of SH1, a Novel Lipid-Containing Virus Infecting the Halophilic Euryarchaeon Haloarcula hispanica

Dennis H. Bamford,^1,2 Janne J. Ravantti,¹ Gunilla Rönnholm,² Simonas Laurinaviius,^1,3 Petra Kukkaro,¹ Mike Dyall-Smith,⁴ Pentti Somerharju,³ Nisse Kalkkinen,² and Jaana K. H. Bamford^1*

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences,¹ Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland,² Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland,³ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia⁴

Received 20 January 2005/ Accepted 15 March 2005

Recent studies have indicated that a number of bacterial and eukaryotic viruses that share a common architectural principle are related, leading to the proposal of an early common ancestor. A prediction of this model would be the discovery of similar viruses that infect archaeal hosts. Our main interest lies in icosahedral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses with an internal membrane, and we now extend our studies to include viruses infecting archaeal hosts. While the number of sequenced archaeal viruses is increasing, very little sequence similarity has been detected between bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. In this investigation we rigorously show that SH1, an icosahedral dsDNA virus infecting Haloarcula hispanica, possesses lipid structural components that are selectively acquired from the host pool. We also determined the sequence of the 31-kb SH1 genome and positively identified genes for 11 structural proteins, with putative identification of three additional proteins. The SH1 genome is unique and, except for a few open reading frames, shows no detectable similarity to other published sequences, but the overall structure of the SH1 virion and its linear genome with inverted terminal repeats is reminiscent of lipid-containing dsDNA bacteriophages like PRD1.

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