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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8677-8686, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.8677-8686.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sulfolobus tengchongensis Spindle-Shaped Virus STSV1: Virus-Host Interactions and Genomic Features{dagger}

Xiaoyu Xiang,1,{ddagger} Lanming Chen,2,{ddagger} Xiaoxing Huang,1,{ddagger} Yuanmin Luo,1 Qunxin She,2* and Li Huang1*

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China,1 Danish Archaea Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Soelvgade 83H, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark2

Received 3 December 2004/ Accepted 30 March 2005

A virus infecting the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tengchongensis has been isolated from a field sample from Tengchong, China, and characterized. The virus, denoted STSV1 (Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 1), has the morphology of a spindle (230 by 107 nm) with a tail of variable length (68 nm on average) at one end and is the largest of the known spindle-shaped viruses. After infecting its host, the virus multiplied rapidly to high titers (>1010 PFU/ml). Replication of the virus retarded host growth but did not cause lysis of the host cells. STSV1 did not integrate into the host chromosome and existed in a carrier state. The STSV1 DNA was modified in an unusual fashion, presumably by virally encoded modification systems. STSV1 harbors a double-stranded DNA genome of 75,294 bp, which shares no significant sequence similarity to those of fuselloviruses. The viral genome contains a total of 74 open reading frames (ORFs), among which 14 have a putative function. Five ORFs encode viral structural proteins, including a putative coat protein of high abundance. The products of the other nine ORFs are probably involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and DNA modification. The viral genome divides into two nearly equal halves of opposite gene orientation. This observation as well as a GC-skew analysis point to the presence of a putative viral origin of replication in the 1.4-kb intergenic region between ORF1 and ORF74. Both morphological and genomic features identify STSV1 as a novel virus infecting the genus Sulfolobus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for L. Huang: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China. Phone: 86 10 62624971. Fax: 86 10 62653468. E-mail: huangl{at}sun.im.ac.cn. Mailing address for Q. She: Danish Archaea Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Soelvgade 83H, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Phone: 45 3532 2013. Fax: 45 3532 2040. E-mail: qunxin{at}mermaid.molbio.ku.dk.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org.

{ddagger} These authors contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8677-8686, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.8677-8686.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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