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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8149-8163, Vol. 79, No. 13
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.13.8149-8163.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Promoters, Transcripts, and Regulatory Proteins of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Geminivirus{dagger}

P. V. Shivaprasad,2 Rashid Akbergenov,1 Daniela Trinks,3 R. Rajeswaran,2 K. Veluthambi,2 Thomas Hohn,1,3* and Mikhail M. Pooggin1*

Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel,1 Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland,3 School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021, India2

Received 12 November 2004/ Accepted 2 March 2005

Geminiviruses package circular single-stranded DNA and replicate in the nucleus via a double-stranded intermediate. This intermediate also serves as a template for bidirectional transcription by polymerase II. Here, we map promoters and transcripts and characterize regulatory proteins of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vigna (MYMV), a bipartite geminivirus in the genus Begomovirus. The following new features, which might also apply to other begomoviruses, were revealed in MYMV. The leftward and rightward promoters on DNA-B share the transcription activator AC2-responsive region, which does not overlap the common region that is nearly identical in the two DNA components. The transcription unit for BC1 (movement protein) includes a conserved, leader-based intron. Besides negative-feedback regulation of its own leftward promoter on DNA-A, the replication protein AC1, in cooperation with AC2, synergistically transactivates the rightward promoter, which drives a dicistronic transcription unit for the coat protein AV1. AC2 and the replication enhancer AC3 are expressed from one dicistronic transcript driven by a strong promoter mapped within the upstream AC1 gene. Early and constitutive expression of AC2 is consistent with its essential dual function as an activator of viral transcription and a suppressor of silencing.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Phone: 41 61 2672977. Fax: 41 61 2673504. E-mail for Thomas Hohn: hohn{at}fmi.ch. E-mail for Mikhail M. Pooggin: Mikhail.Pooggin{at}unibas.ch.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8149-8163, Vol. 79, No. 13
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.13.8149-8163.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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