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Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Protects Macaques against Respiratory Challenge with Monkeypox Virus

Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands,¹ Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 11, P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands,² Department of Animal Science, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands,³ ViroClinics B.V., Dr. Molewaterplein 50, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands,⁴ Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany⁵

Received 7 December 2004/ Accepted 24 February 2005

The use of classical smallpox vaccines based on vaccinia virus (VV) is associated with severe complications in both naïve and immune individuals. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a highly attenuated replication-deficient strain of VV, has been proven to be safe in humans and immunocompromised animals, and its efficacy against smallpox is currently being addressed. Here we directly compare the efficacies of MVA alone and in combination with classical VV-based vaccines in a cynomolgus macaque monkeypox model. The MVA-based smallpox vaccine protected macaques against a lethal respiratory challenge with monkeypox virus and is therefore an important candidate for the protection of humans against smallpox.

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