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Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7402-7409, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7402-7409.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification of Genogroup I and Genogroup II Broadly Reactive Epitopes on the Norovirus Capsid

Tracy Dewese Parker,1 Noritoshi Kitamoto,2 Tomoyuki Tanaka,3 Anne M. Hutson,1 and Mary K. Estes1*

Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,1 School of Humanities for Environmental Policy and Technology, Himeji Institute of Technology, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan,2 Sakai City Institute of Public Health, Sakai, Osaka 590-0953, Japan3

Received 7 October 2004/ Accepted 14 February 2005

Norwalk virus, a member of the family Caliciviridae, is an important cause of acute epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Norwalk and related viruses are classified in a separate genus of Caliciviridae called Norovirus, which is comprised of at least three genogroups based on sequence differences. Many of the currently available immunologic reagents used to study these viruses are type specific, which limits the identification of antigenically distinct viruses in detection assays. Identification of type-specific and cross-reactive epitopes is essential for designing broadly cross-reactive diagnostic assays and dissecting the immune response to calicivirus infection. To address this, we have mapped the epitopes on the norovirus capsid protein for both a genogroup I-cross-reactive monoclonal antibody and a genogroup II-cross-reactive monoclonal antibody by use of norovirus deletion and point mutants. The epitopes for both monoclonal antibodies mapped to the C-terminal P1 subdomain of the capsid protein. Although the genogroup I-cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was previously believed to recognize a linear epitope, our results indicate that a conformational component of the epitope explains the monoclonal antibody's genogroup specificity. Identification of the epitopes for these monoclonal antibodies is of significance, as they are components in a commercially available norovirus-diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM-385, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 798-3585. Fax: (713) 798-3586. E-mail: mestes{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7402-7409, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7402-7409.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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