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Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7389-7395, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7389-7395.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Minor Receptor Group of Human Rhinovirus (HRV) Includes HRV23 and HRV25, but the Presence of a Lysine in the VP1 HI Loop Is Not Sufficient for Receptor Binding

Marketa Vlasak,1 Merja Roivainen,2 Manuela Reithmayer,1 Irene Goesler,1 Pia Laine,2 Luc Snyers,1,{dagger} Tapani Hovi,2 and Dieter Blaas1*

Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria,1 Enterovirus Laboratory, Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland2

Received 27 January 2005/ Accepted 3 March 2005

Like all 10 minor receptor group human rhinoviruses (HRVs), HRV23 and HRV25, previously classified as major group viruses, are neutralized by maltose binding protein (MBP)-V33333 (a soluble recombinant concatemer of five copies of repeat 3 of the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor fused to MBP), bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor in virus overlay blots, and replicate in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-negative COS-7 cells. From phylogenetic analysis of capsid protein VP1-coding sequences, they are also known to cluster together with other minor group strains. Therefore, they belong to the minor group; there are now 12 minor group and 87 major group HRV serotypes. Sequence comparison of the VP1 capsid proteins of all HRVs revealed that the lysine in the HI loop, strictly conserved in the 12 minor group HRVs, is also present in 9 major group serotypes that are neutralized by soluble ICAM-1. Despite the presence of this lysine, they are not neutralized by MBP-V33333 and fail to replicate in COS-7 cells and in HeLa cells in the presence of an ICAM-1-blocking antibody. These nine serotypes are therefore "true" major group viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 0043 1 4277 61630. Fax: 0043 1 4277 9616. E-mail: dieter.blaas{at}meduniwien.ac.at.

{dagger} Present address: Institute for Histology and Embryology, University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7389-7395, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7389-7395.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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