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Journal of Virology, May 2005, p. 5963-5970, Vol. 79, No. 10
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.5963-5970.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Rhinovirus Type 89 Variants Use Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan for Cell Attachment

Markete Vlasak, Irene Goesler, and Dieter Blaas*

Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria

Received 12 August 2004/ Accepted 23 December 2004

We have previously isolated mutants of the major-group human rhinovirus type 89 that grow in cells deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), the receptor used by the wild-type virus for cell entry [A. Reischl, M. Reithmayer, G. Winsauer, R. Moser, I. Goesler, and D. Blaas., J. Virol. 75:9312-9319, 2001]. We now demonstrate that one of these variants utilizes heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as a cellular receptor. Adaptation to ICAM-1-deficient cells not only resulted in the newly acquired receptor specificity but also rendered the virus less stable at low pH and at elevated temperatures. This instability might compensate for the absence of the uncoating activity of ICAM-1. Whereas wild-type virus infection via ICAM-1 proceeded in the presence of the vesicular H+-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1, infection by the mutant via HSPG was prevented by the drug. This suggests that the low pH prevailing in endosomal compartments is required for uncoating in the absence of the catalytic activity of ICAM-1.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 43 1 4277 61630. Fax: 43 1 4277 9616. E-mail: dieter.blaas{at}meduniwien.ac.at.

Journal of Virology, May 2005, p. 5963-5970, Vol. 79, No. 10
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.5963-5970.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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