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Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 649-654, Vol. 79, No. 1
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.1.649-654.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

Marcus Niebert{dagger} and Ralf R. Tönjes*

Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany

Received 31 May 2004/ Accepted 23 August 2004

Different Suiformes with increasing phylogenetic distance to the common pig (Sus scrofa) were assayed for the presence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in general (pol gene), while the distribution of long terminal repeat (LTR) types (with or without repeats in U3) and env genes (classes A, B, and C) were determined in detail. PERV was not detectable in the most distantly related species, while classes PERV-A and PERV-B are present in Suiformes originating in the Pliocene epoch, and class PERV-C was detectable only in S. scrofa and in closely related species originating in the Holocene epoch. This distribution pattern of PERV classes is in line with our previous study on the age of PERV (45) and suggests an African origin of about 7.5 million years ago (MYA) and a gradual spread of PERV through the Suiformes. It seems likely that PERV-C originated more recently (1.5 to 3.5 MYA) by recombination with a homologue of unknown descent, while the origin of the repeatless LTR was a separate event approximately 3.5 MYA.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany. Phone: 49 6103 774010. Fax: 49 6103 771255. E-mail: toera{at}pei.de.

{dagger} Present address: Centre for Nanostructural Bioengineering, University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia.

Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 649-654, Vol. 79, No. 1
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.1.649-654.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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  • Argaw, T., Figueroa, M., Salomon, D. R., Wilson, C. A. (2008). Identification of Residues outside of the Receptor Binding Domain That Influence the Infectivity and Tropism of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus. J. Virol. 82: 7483-7491 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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