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Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 401-409, Vol. 79, No. 1
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.1.401-409.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Are Productively Infected by Poliovirus

Departments of Microbiology and Immunology,¹ Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas²

Received 7 May 2004/ Accepted 13 August 2004

Expression of the poliovirus receptor (PVR) on cells is a major host determinant of infection by poliovirus. Previously, the only immune cell type known to express PVR was the blood-derived monocyte, which is susceptible to infection at very low frequency. We demonstrate that professional antigen-presenting cells—macrophages and dendritic cells, generated upon differentiation of monocytes—retain expression of PVR and are highly susceptible to infection by type 1 Mahoney strain of poliovirus. Maximal cell-associated titers of virus are obtained within 6 to 8 h postinfection, and cell death and lysis occurs within 24 h postinfection. Similar kinetics are observed in cells infected with the Sabin 1 vaccine strain. Although protein synthesis and receptor-mediated endocytosis are inhibited upon poliovirus infection of these critical antigen-presenting cells, we demonstrate for the first time that functional presentation of antigen occurs in these infected cells via the HLA class II pathway.

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