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Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 4363-4369, Vol. 78, No. 8
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.8.4363-4369.2004

Suppression of the Induction of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Interferons by the NS1 and NS2 Proteins of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Human Epithelial Cells and Macrophages

Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,¹ Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8007²

Received 28 August 2003/ Accepted 23 December 2003

Wild-type human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a poor inducer of alpha/beta interferons (IFN-/ß). However, recombinant HRSV lacking the NS1 and NS2 genes (NS1/2) induced high levels of IFN- and -ß in human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) as well as in macrophages derived from primary human peripheral blood monocytes. Results with NS1 and NS2 single- and double-gene-deletion viruses indicated that the two proteins function independently as well as coordinately to achieve the full inhibitory effect, with NS1 having a greater independent role. The relative contributions of the individual NS proteins were the converse of that recently described for bovine RSV (J. F. Valarcher, J. Furze, S. Wyld, R. Cook, K. K. Conzelmann, and G. Taylor, J. Virol. 77:8426-8439, 2003). This pattern of inhibition by HRSV NS1 and NS2 also extended to the newly described antiviral cytokines IFN-1, -2 and -3.

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