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Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 3572-3577, Vol. 78, No. 7
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.7.3572-3577.2004

Prior Infection and Passive Transfer of Neutralizing Antibody Prevent Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in the Respiratory Tract of Mice

Kanta Subbarao,1* Josephine McAuliffe,1 Leatrice Vogel,1 Gary Fahle,2 Steven Fischer,2 Kathleen Tatti,3 Michelle Packard,3 Wun-Ju Shieh,3 Sherif Zaki,3 and Brian Murphy1

Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,1 Microbiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,2 Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303333

Received 21 October 2003/ Accepted 10 November 2003

Following intranasal administration, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus replicated to high titers in the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice. Peak replication was seen in the absence of disease on day 1 or 2, depending on the dose administered, and the virus was cleared within a week. Viral antigen and nucleic acid were detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells during peak viral replication. Mice developed a neutralizing antibody response and were protected from reinfection 28 days following primary infection. Passive transfer of immune serum to naïve mice prevented virus replication in the lower respiratory tract following intranasal challenge. Thus, antibodies, acting alone, can prevent replication of the SARS coronavirus in the lung, a promising observation for the development of vaccines, immunotherapy, and immunoprophylaxis regimens.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, Bldg. 50, Room 6132, 50 South Dr., MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 451-3839. Fax: (301) 496-8312. E-mail: Ksubbarao{at}niaid.nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 3572-3577, Vol. 78, No. 7
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.7.3572-3577.2004




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