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Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 3203-3209, Vol. 78, No. 7
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.7.3203-3209.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Monitoring RNA Release from Human Rhinovirus by Dynamic Force Microscopy

Ferry Kienberger,1 Rong Zhu,1,2 Rosita Moser,3 Dieter Blaas,3 and Peter Hinterdorfer1*

Institute for Biophysics, J. Kepler University, A-4040 Linz,1 Research Department, Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, A-4020 Linz,2 Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria3

Received 28 August 2003/ Accepted 19 November 2003

Human rhinoviruses were imaged under physiological conditions by dynamic force microscopy. Topographical images revealed various polygonal areas on the surfaces of the 30-nm viral particles. RNA release was initiated by exposure to a low-pH buffer. The lengths of the RNAs that were released but still connected to the virus capsid varied between 40 and 330 nm, whereas RNA molecules that were completely released from the virus were observed with lengths up to 1 µm. Fork-like structure elements with 30-nm extensions were sometimes resolved at one end of the RNA molecules. They possibly correspond to the characteristic multi-stem-loop conformation, the internal ribosomal entry site, located at the 5' region of the genome. This study demonstrates that dynamic force microscopy can be used to study viral RNA release in situ under physiological conditions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Biophysics, J. Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Phone: 43 732 2468 9265. Fax: 43 732 2468 9280. E-mail: peter.hinterdorfer{at}jku.at.

Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 3203-3209, Vol. 78, No. 7
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.7.3203-3209.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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