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Journal of Virology, March 2004, p. 2537-2544, Vol. 78, No. 5
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades

Nadjia Radjef,1 Emmanuel Gordien,1 Valeria Ivaniushina,2 Elyanne Gault,1 Patricia Anaïs,1 Tudor Drugan,3 Jean-Claude Trinchet,4 Dominique Roulot,4 Mathieu Tamby,1 Michel C. Milinkovitch,5,{dagger} and Paul Dény1,{dagger}*

Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Avicenne, EA3406 "Agents Transmissibles et Hôtes, Signalisation Cellulaire, Oncogenèse"Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Bondy,4 UFR Santé Médecine Biologie Humaine, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France,1 Influenza Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia,2 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj, Romania,3 Unit of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Free University of Brussels, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium5

Received 19 May 2003/ Accepted 14 November 2003

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for transmission and propagation and infects nearly 20 million people worldwide. The HDV genome is a compact circular single-stranded RNA genome with extensive intramolecular complementarity. Despite its different epidemiological and pathological patterns, the variability and geographical distribution of HDV are limited to three genotypes and two subtypes that have been characterized to date. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the delta antigen gene and full-length genome sequence data show an extensive and probably ancient radiation of African lineages, suggesting that the genetic variability of HDV is much more complex than was previously thought, with evidence of additional clades. These results relate the geographic distribution of HDV more closely to the genetic variability of its helper HBV.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie—Hygiène, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris 13, 93009 Bobigny Cedex, France. Phone: 33 1 48 95 56 11. Fax: 33 1 48 95 59 11. E-mail: paul.deny{at}avc.ap-hop-paris.fr.

{dagger} P.D and M.C.M. contributed equally to the work.

Journal of Virology, March 2004, p. 2537-2544, Vol. 78, No. 5
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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