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Human CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Regulatory T Cells Control T-Cell Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Antigens

Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology,¹ Positive Health Program HIV Section at San Francisco General Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110²

Received 17 August 2003/ Accepted 11 November 2003

Regulatory T (T_R) cells maintain tolerance to self-antigens and control immune responses to alloantigens after organ transplantation. Here, we show that CD4⁺ CD25⁺ human T_R cells suppress virus-specific T-cell responses. Depletion of T_R cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhances T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus antigens. We propose that chronic viral infections lead to induction of suppressive T_R cells that inhibit the antiviral immune response.

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