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Journal of Virology, February 2004, p. 1393-1402, Vol. 78, No. 3
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.3.1393-1402.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Replication of Poliovirus RNA with Complete Internal Ribosome Entry Site Deletions

Kenneth E. Murray,1,{dagger} Benjamin P. Steil,1 Allan W. Roberts,1 and David J. Barton1,2*

Department of Microbiology,1 Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 802622

Received 23 May 2003/ Accepted 4 October 2003

cis-acting RNA sequences and structures in the 5' and 3' nontranslated regions of poliovirus RNA interact with host translation machinery and viral replication proteins to coordinately regulate the sequential translation and replication of poliovirus RNA. The poliovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5' nontranslated region (NTR) has been implicated as a cis-active RNA required for both viral mRNA translation and viral RNA replication. To evaluate the role of the IRES in poliovirus RNA replication, we exploited the advantages of cell-free translation-replication reactions and preinitiation RNA replication complexes. Genetic complementation with helper mRNAs allowed us to create preinitiation RNA replication complexes containing RNA templates with defined deletions in the viral open reading frame and the IRES. A series of deletions revealed that no RNA elements of either the viral open reading frame or the IRES were required in cis for negative-strand RNA synthesis. The IRES was dispensable for both negative- and positive-strand RNA syntheses. Intriguingly, although small viral RNAs lacking the IRES replicated efficiently, the replication of genome length viral RNAs was stimulated by the presence of the IRES. These results suggest that RNA replication is not directly dependent on a template RNA first functioning as an mRNA. These results further suggest that poliovirus RNA replication is not absolutely dependent on any protein-RNA interactions involving the IRES.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 E. Ninth Ave., Denver, CO 80262. Phone: (303) 315-5164. Fax: (303) 315-6785. E-mail: david.barton{at}uchsc.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Journal of Virology, February 2004, p. 1393-1402, Vol. 78, No. 3
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.3.1393-1402.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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