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Journal of Virology, December 2004, p. 14048-14052, Vol. 78, No. 24
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.24.14048-14052.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Period of Transient Viremia and Occult Infection Precedes Persistent Viremia and Antiviral Immune Responses during Multiple Low-Dose Intravaginal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Inoculations

Zhong-Min Ma,1,2 Kristina Abel,1,2 Tracy Rourke,2 Yichuan Wang,1,2 and Christopher J. Miller1,2,3,4*

California National Primate Research Center,1 Center for Comparative Medicine,2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine,3 Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California4

Received 20 April 2004/ Accepted 27 July 2004

In rhesus macaques, classic systemic infection, characterized by persistent viremia and seroconversion, occurred after multiple low-dose (103 50% tissue culture infective doses) intravaginal (IVAG) inoculations with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac251. Monkeys developed classic SIV infections after a variable number of low-dose IVAG exposures to SIVmac251. Once established, the systemic infection was identical to SIV infection following high-dose IVAG SIV inoculation. However, occult systemic infection characterized by transient cell-associated or cell-free viremia consistently occurred early in the series of multiple vaginal SIV exposures. Further, antiviral cellular immune responses were present prior to the establishment of a classic systemic infection in the low-dose vaginal SIV transmission model.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UC Davis—CNPRC/CCM, County Rd. 98/Hutchison Dr., Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 752-0447. Fax: (530) 754-4411. E-mail: cjmiller{at}ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 2004, p. 14048-14052, Vol. 78, No. 24
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.24.14048-14052.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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