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Journal of Virology, December 2004, p. 13512-13521, Vol. 78, No. 24
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13512-13521.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Circulation of Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001

Hiroyuki Shimizu,1* Bruce Thorley,2 Fem Julia Paladin,3 Kerri Anne Brussen,2 Vicki Stambos,2 Lilly Yuen,2 Andi Utama,1 Yoshio Tano,1,{dagger} Minetaro Arita,1 Hiromu Yoshida,1 Tetsuo Yoneyama,1 Agnes Benegas,4 Sigrun Roesel,5 Mark Pallansch,6 Olen Kew,6 and Tatsuo Miyamura1

Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,1 Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne 3051, Victoria, Australia,2 Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City,3 National Epidemiology Center, Department of Health,4 Regional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila, The Philippines,5 Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia6

Received 2 June 2004/ Accepted 29 July 2004

In 2001, highly evolved type 1 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) was isolated from three acute flaccid paralysis patients and one contact from three separate communities in the Philippines. Complete genomic sequencing of these four cVDPV isolates revealed that the capsid region was derived from the Sabin 1 vaccine strain but most of the noncapsid region was derived from an unidentified enterovirus unrelated to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains. The sequences of the cVDPV isolates were closely related to each other, and the isolates had a common recombination site. Most of the genetic and biological properties of the cVDPV isolates were indistinguishable from those of wild polioviruses. However, the most recently identified cVDPV isolate from a healthy contact retained the temperature sensitivity and partial attenuation phenotypes. The sequence relationships among the isolates and Sabin 1 suggested that cVDPV originated from an OPV dose given in 1998 to 1999 and that cVDPV circulated along a narrow chain of transmission. Type 1 cVDPV was last detected in the Philippines in September 2001, and population immunity to polio was raised by extensive OPV campaigns in late 2001 and early 2002.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. Phone: 81-42-561-0771. Fax: 81-42-561-4729. E-mail: hshimizu{at}nih.go.jp.

{dagger} Present address: Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Virology, December 2004, p. 13512-13521, Vol. 78, No. 24
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13512-13521.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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