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Journal of Virology, December 2004, p. 12817-12828, Vol. 78, No. 23
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.23.12817-12828.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Multiple Genotypes of Influenza B Virus Circulated between 1979 and 2003

Jonathan A. McCullers,1* Takehiko Saito,2 and Amy R. Iverson1

Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,1 Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan2

Received 21 May 2004/ Accepted 14 July 2004

The segmented genome of influenza B virus allows exchange of gene segments between cocirculating strains. Through this process of reassortment, diversity is generated by the mixing of genes between viruses that differ in one or more gene segments. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of all 11 genes of 31 influenza B viruses isolated from 1979 to 2003 were used to study the evolution of whole genomes. All 11 genes diverged into two new lineages prior to 1987. All genes except the NS1 gene were undergoing linear evolution, although the rate of evolution and the degree to which nucleotide changes translated into amino acid changes varied between lineages and by gene. Frequent reassortment generated 14 different genotypes distinct from the gene constellation of viruses circulating prior to 1979. Multiple genotypes cocirculated in some locations, and a sequence of reassortment events over time could not be established. The surprising diversity of the viruses, unrestricted mixing of lineages, and lack of evidence for coevolution of gene segments do not support the hypothesis that the reassortment process is driven by selection for functional differences.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale St., Memphis, TN 38105-2794. Phone: (901) 495-3486. Fax: (901) 495-3099. E-mail: jon.mccullers{at}stjude.org.

Journal of Virology, December 2004, p. 12817-12828, Vol. 78, No. 23
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.23.12817-12828.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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