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Journal of Virology, November 2004, p. 12169-12178, Vol. 78, No. 22
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.22.12169-12178.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification and Characterization of Persistent Human Erythrovirus Infection in Blood Donor Samples

Daniel Candotti,1* Nermin Etiz,2 Armen Parsyan,3 and Jean-Pierre Allain3

National Blood Service, Cambridge Blood Centre,1 Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,3 Refik Saydam Hygiene Centre, Department of Virology, Ankara, Turkey2

Received 29 March 2004/ Accepted 6 July 2004

The presence of human erythrovirus DNA in 2,440 blood donations from the United Kingdom and sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Malawi, and South Africa) was screened. Sensitive qualitative and real-time quantitative PCR assays revealed a higher prevalence of persistent infection with the simultaneous presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and viral DNA (0.55 to 1.3%) than previously reported. This condition was characterized by a low viral load (median, 558 IU/ml; range, 42 to 135,000 IU/ml), antibody-complexed virus, free specific IgG, and potentially infectious free virus. Human erythrovirus genotype 1 (formerly parvovirus B19) was prevalent in the United Kingdom, Malawi, and South Africa. In contrast, only human erythrovirus genotype 3 (erythrovirus variant V9) was prevalent in Ghana. Genotype 3 had considerable genetic diversity, clustering in two probable subtypes. Genotype 1-based antibody assays failed to detect 38.5% of Ghanaian samples containing antibodies to genotype 3 virus but did not fail to detect cases of persistent infection. This study indicates a potential African origin of genotype 3 human erythrovirus and considerable shortcomings in the tools currently used to diagnose erythrovirus infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Rd., Cambridge CB2 2PT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1223 548138. Fax: 44 1223 548136. E-mail: dc241{at}cam.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, November 2004, p. 12169-12178, Vol. 78, No. 22
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.22.12169-12178.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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