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Journal of Virology, November 2004, p. 12058-12061, Vol. 78, No. 21
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.21.12058-12061.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

APOBEC3G Incorporation into Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and the Rockefeller University, New York, New York,¹ Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts²

Received 2 April 2004/ Accepted 5 July 2004

APOBEC3G is promiscuous with respect to its antiretroviral effect, requiring that it be packaged into diverse retrovirus particles. Here, we show that most virally encoded human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particle components are dispensable for APOPEC3G incorporation. However, replacement of the nucleocapsid (NC) Gag domain with a leucine zipper abolished APOBEC3G incorporation. Moreover, coprecipitation analysis showed that APOBEC3G-Gag interaction requires NC and nonspecific RNA. These observations suggest that APOBEC3G exploits an essential property of retroviruses, namely, RNA packaging, to infiltrate particles. Because it is, therefore, difficult to evolve specific sequences that confer escape from APOBEC3G, these findings may explain why lentiviruses evolved an activity that induces its destruction.

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