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Journal of Virology, November 2004, p. 11544-11550, Vol. 78, No. 21
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.21.11544-11550.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Crystal Structure of F-93 from Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1, a Winged-Helix DNA Binding Protein

Paul Kraft,1,2 Andrea Oeckinghaus,1,3 Daniel Kümmel,1,3 George H. Gauss,2 John Gilmore,2 Blake Wiedenheft,1,4 Mark Young,1,4 and C. Martin Lawrence1,2*

Thermal Biology Institute,1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,2 Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,4 Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, Tübingen, Germany3

Received 26 March 2004/ Accepted 23 June 2004

Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs), or Fuselloviridae, are ubiquitous crenarchaeal viruses found in high-temperature acidic hot springs around the world (pH ≤4.0; temperature of ≥70°C). Because they are relatively easy to isolate, they represent the best studied of the crenarchaeal viruses. This is particularly true for the type virus, SSV1, which contains a double-stranded DNA genome of 15.5 kilobases, encoding 34 putative open reading frames. Interestingly, the genome shows little sequence similarity to organisms other than its SSV homologues. Together, sequence similarity and biochemical analyses have suggested functions for only 6 of the 34 open reading frames. Thus, even though SSV1 is the best-studied crenarchaeal virus, functions for most (28) of its open reading frames remain unknown. We have undertaken biochemical and structural studies for the gene product of open reading frame F-93. We find that F-93 exists as a homodimer in solution and that a tight dimer is also present in the 2.7-Å crystal structure. Further, the crystal structure reveals a fold that is homologous to the SlyA and MarR subfamilies of winged-helix DNA binding proteins. This strongly suggests that F-93 functions as a transcription factor that recognizes a (pseudo-)palindromic DNA target sequence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 108 Gaines Hall, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717. Phone: (406) 994-5382. Fax: (406) 994-5407. E-mail: lawrence{at}chemistry.montana.edu.

Journal of Virology, November 2004, p. 11544-11550, Vol. 78, No. 21
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.21.11544-11550.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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