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Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 11425-11428, Vol. 78, No. 20
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.20.11425-11428.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Modulation by Morphine of Viral Set Point in Rhesus Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Rakesh Kumar,1 Cynthia Torres,1 Yasuhiro Yamamura,2 Idia Rodriguez,3 Melween Martinez,3 Silvija Staprans,4 Robert M. Donahoe,5 Edmundo Kraiselburd,3 Edward B. Stephens,6 and Anil Kumar1,2*

Laboratory of Viral Immunology,1 AIDS Research Program, Department of Microbiology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce,2 Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico,3 Emory Vaccine Center,4 Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,5 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas6

Received 8 March 2004/ Accepted 26 May 2004

Six rhesus macaques were adapted to morphine dependence by injecting three doses of morphine (5 mg/kg of body weight) for a total of 20 weeks. These animals along with six control macaques were infected intravenously with mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency virus KU-1B (SHIVKU-1B), SHIV89.6P, and simian immunodeficiency virus 17E-Fr. Levels of circulating CD4+ T cells and viral loads in the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid were monitored in these macaques for a period of 12 weeks. Both morphine and control groups showed precipitous loss of CD4+ T cells. However this loss was more prominent in the morphine group at week 2 (P = 0.04). Again both morphine and control groups showed comparable peak plasma viral load at week 2, but the viral set points were higher in the morphine group than that in the control group. Likewise, the extent of virus replication in the cerebral compartment was more pronounced in the morphine group. These results provide a definitive evidence for a positive correlation between morphine and levels of viral replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce 00732, Puerto Rico. Phone: (787) 840-3010. Fax: (775) 659-7298. E-mail: Akumar{at}psm.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 11425-11428, Vol. 78, No. 20
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.20.11425-11428.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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