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Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 11077-11083, Vol. 78, No. 20
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.20.11077-11083.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Repression of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 and Type 2 Replication by a Viral mRNA-Encoded Posttranscriptional Regulator

Ihab Younis,1,2,3 Lyne Khair,1,2,3 Miroslav Dundr,4 Michael D. Lairmore,1,2,3,5,6 Genoveffa Franchini,4 and Patrick L. Green1,2,3,5,6*

Departments of Veterinary Biosciences,1 Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics,5 Center for Retrovirus Research,2 Comprehensive Cancer Center,6 Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,3 Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland4

Received 9 April 2004/ Accepted 10 June 2004

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are complex retroviruses that persist in the host, eventually causing leukemia and neurological disease in a small percentage of infected individuals. In addition to structural and enzymatic proteins, HTLV encodes regulatory (Tax and Rex) and accessory (open reading frame I and II) proteins. The viral Tax and Rex proteins positively regulate virus production. Tax activates viral and cellular transcription to promote T-cell growth and, ultimately, malignant transformation. Rex acts posttranscriptionally to facilitate cytoplasmic expression of viral mRNAs that encode the structural and enzymatic gene products, thus positively controlling virion expression. Here, we report that both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have evolved accessory genes to encode proteins that act as negative regulators of both Tax and Rex. HTLV-1 p30II and the related HTLV-2 p28II inhibit virion production by binding to and retaining tax/rex mRNA in the nucleus. Reduction of viral replication in a cell carrying the provirus may allow escape from immune recognition in an infected individual. These data are consistent with the critical role of these proteins in viral persistence and pathogenesis in animal models of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210. Phone: (614) 688-4899. Fax: (614) 292-6473. E-mail: green.466{at}osu.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 11077-11083, Vol. 78, No. 20
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.20.11077-11083.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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