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Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 576-584, Vol. 78, No. 2
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.2.576-584.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Activation of Dendritic Cells by a Retrovirus

Dalia Burzyn,1 John C. Rassa,2 David Kim,2 Irene Nepomnaschy,1 Susan R. Ross,2 and Isabel Piazzon1*

División Medicina Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina,1 Department of Microbiology and Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania2

Received 14 July 2003/ Accepted 3 October 2003

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a milk-borne retrovirus that exploits the adaptive immune system. It has recently been shown that MMTV activates B cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a molecule involved in innate immune responses. Here, we show that direct virus binding to TLR4 induced maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and up-regulated expression of the MMTV entry receptor (CD71) on these cells. In vivo, MMTV increased the number of dendritic cells in neonatal Peyer's patches and their expression of CD71; both these effects were dependent on TLR4. Thus, retroviral signaling through TLRs plays a critical role in dendritic-cell participation during infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: División Medicina Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081 (1425), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Phone: 54-11-4805-3411, ext. 287. Fax: 54-11-4803-9475. E-mail: ipiazzon{at}hematologia.anm.edu.ar.

Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 576-584, Vol. 78, No. 2
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.2.576-584.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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