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Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10715-10723, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10715-10723.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Tête à Tête of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Single Nuclei

Gabriel Morilla,1 Björn Krenz,2 Holger Jeske,2 Eduardo R. Bejarano,1* and Christina Wege2

Departmento de Biología Celular, Genética, y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain,1 Biologisches Institut, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany2

Received 5 March 2004/ Accepted 12 May 2004

Since 1997 two distinct geminivirus species, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), have caused a similar yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, coexisted in the fields of southern Spain, and very frequently doubly infected single plants. Tomatoes as well as experimental test plants (e.g., Nicotiana benthamiana) showed enhanced symptoms upon mixed infections under greenhouse conditions. Viral DNA accumulated to a similar extent in singly and doubly infected plants. In situ tissue hybridization showed TYLCSV and TYLCV DNAs to be confined to the phloem in both hosts, irrespective of whether they were inoculated individually or in combination. The number of infected nuclei in singly or doubly infected plants was determined by in situ hybridization of purified nuclei. The percentage of nuclei containing viral DNA (i.e., 1.4% in tomato or 6% in N. benthamiana) was the same in plants infected with either TYLCSV, TYLCV, or both. In situ hybridization of doubly infected plants, with probes that discriminate between both DNAs, revealed that at least one-fifth of infected nuclei harbored DNAs from both virus species. Such a high number of coinfected nuclei may explain why recombination between different geminivirus DNAs occurs frequently. The impact of these findings for epidemiology and for resistance breeding concerning tomato yellow leaf curl diseases is discussed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departmento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain. Phone: 34-952131677. Fax: 34-952132000. E-mail: edu_rodri{at}uma.es.

Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10715-10723, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10715-10723.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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